Asthma affects 22 million Americans. Of children with asthma, 90 percent suffer from allergies that may trigger an asthma attack. The allergens are usually airborne and enter the body by breathing in tiny particles of the offending substance, but may be introduced through the skin or by mouth. The most common allergens are pollen, mold, dust mite feces, cockroach feces and animal dander, which is a combination of hair and dead skin cells or feathers.
Features
In allergic asthma, the airways become sensitive to certain allergens. When these allergens enter the airways, the immune system overreacts in an attempt to rid the body of the foreign substance. The muscles that line the airways begin to tighten and become inflamed producing thick mucus. The combination of a restricted airway and thick mucus obstructing the pathway causes the characteristic cough and wheeze that accompanies asthma. Other symptoms include rapid breathing or shortness of breath and a tightening in the chest.
Identification
Identifying the allergen may be difficult and generally requires allergy tests performed in a doctor's office or may require blood work to be done at the hospital. The easiest and most common test is the skin prick test. This involves placing drops of suspected allergens on the back of the hand, or on the forearm, and pricking the skin with a fine needle in the same location. Results will appear within 15 minutes. If you are allergic to the allergen, a large welt or hive, will appear on the skin. Skin testing may be performed if you have a good idea of the allergen location. This involves injecting the allergen under the skin to detect immunoglobulin E, a chemical that causes the body to release histamine. The release of histamine causes swelling and itching in the area. Your doctor may choose to do one of several blood tests to identify the specific allergen.
Considerations
Keeping the home free of dust and other irritants is the best preventative measure. Although dust, smoke and fragrances from candles or air fresheners may not be the trigger that precipitates the initial attack, they will irritate and prolong the symptoms. Avoiding environments with airborne particles will improve the symptoms of allergic asthma.
Prevention/Solution
Treatment for allergic asthma varies and depends on the specifics of your case. If the allergen is known, and can be avoided altogether, avoidance may be the best plan of treatment. Antihistamines may be prescribed to combat the effects of allergic reactions. Inhalers or other bronchial dilators may be prescribed for use only when symptoms appear or may be used as a long-term preventative measure.
Potential
People with asthma are able to participate in sports and other leisure activities, once their symptoms are under control. Proper monitoring of symptoms and learning to avoid triggers can provide adequate control of asthma. For some, long-term preventative medication may be necessary to prevent future asthma attacks. These may take several weeks to reach maximum benefit , but they often provide good control of symptoms once therapeutic levels are reached.
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