Instructions
Minor Burns
1. Determine the degree of the burn. First-degree burns affect only the epidermis, or the outer layer of skin, and appear red and swollen, with no broken or bubbling skin. A second-degree burn affects the dermis, or the second layer of skin, and has intensely red blisters.
2. Run cool water over the burned area or submerge the skin in cool water. This relieves some of the swelling and moves heat away from the burn. Don't put ice on the burn.
3. Wrap the burned area with a dry, sterile cloth. Don't use any material with loose fibers, and don't apply pressure as this will further irritate the burn.
4. Take an over-the-counter pain medication to treat minor discomfort.
Serious Burns
5. Determine whether you have a serious burn. Serious burns include large (greater than 4 inches in diameter) second-degree burns and third-degree burns. Second-degree burns affect the second layer of skin and present with red blisters. Third-degree burns are painless and affect all layers of the skin. They can damage fat, muscle and sometimes bone.
6. Call for professional medical help immediately. Serious burns, especially third-degree burns require treatment beyond first aid.
7. Leave burned clothing on. Removing the clothing can cause more damage because the clothing may be attached to the open area of the burn.
8. Avoid shock. Do not immerse the burn in cold water.
9. Monitor the victim's breathing and pulse. Administer cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) if necessary.
10. Cover the burn to avoid contamination. Use a cool, moist sterile cloth.
Tags: layer skin, second-degree burn, burned area, burns affect, Burns Determine, cool water, degree burn