Mononucleosis, known as the "kissing disease," is a viral illness that is difficult to prevent. It can cause unpleasant symptoms and, because it is highly contagious, leave the sufferer homebound for two to three weeks. Learning more about mono will help you spot the signs that your adolescent has contracted the condition and assist her on a speedy recovery.
Definition
Infectious mononucleosis, labeled "mono" for short, is a viral infection that is typically spread through saliva. It can be contracted from kissing or sharing a drink, eating utensil or toothbrush with an infected person. It has also been known to be spread through the use of public water fountains. It may also be spread through mucus in the nose and throat and possibly tears.
Adolescents and young adults are most likely to be affected by the mono virus. This is because a child's symptoms are typically too mild for a mono diagnosis, and older adults have developed an immunity to the virus. The illness can leave you feeling weak for several weeks, and most sufferers are hospitalized or required to rest at home in bed for several days.
Causes
Mono is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). At some point, almost everyone will be infected with this virus, but few will actually get sick from it. Those who do will suffer from mononucleosis. The virus will always remain in the body, even after the mono symptoms have disappeared. From time to time, the virus may become active. While causing no symptoms to the carrier, the EBV can be spread to other people during these occasions.
Symptoms
The symptoms of mononucleosis typically begin to occur four to six weeks after exposure to the virus. The most common signs include fever, a sore throat that does not get better with medication, swollen glands in the neck, weakness and fatigue. Mono can also affect the spleen, causing tenderness and swelling in the upper left section of your abdomen. If the pain in the area becomes severe, it may be a sign that the spleen has ruptured, which requires emergency care.
Other less common symptoms of the mono virus include headache, rash, night sweats and loss of appetite.
Diagnosis
A doctor's visit is necessary to properly diagnose mono. A physical exam will be done to access your symptoms. Blood tests to confirm the Epstein-Barr virus and rule out other causes will also be administered.
Treatment
Medication is useless against the mono virus, so self-care is recommended. Getting plenty of fluids and rest will help you body fight the infection and rid the body of the symptoms of mononucleosis. Salt water can be gargled a few times each day to help soothe a sore throat. Pain relievers such as Tylenol can be taken for head and body aches. Avoiding sports and lifting heavy objects will also help the spleen recuperate and lessen the chances of it bursting. It is recommended that you take it easy for one to two months, even if your symptoms go away.
Tags: mono virus, spread through, Epstein-Barr virus, sore throat, symptoms mononucleosis