The facial sinuses are cavities filled with air. There are four major sinuses in the face, referred to as paranasal sinuses: maxillary, frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid. The function of the paranasal sinuses remains a topic of debate in the medical community, but theories include mucus secretion, shock absorption and making the skull lighter. If there is a problem with the paranasal sinuses, a sinus headache can occur. Possible causes and treatments are discussed below.
Causes
A sinus headache is usually the result of inflammation in the sinuses. The inflammation can be caused by a variety of things, including tumors, allergic responses and respiratory infections.
Symptoms
Symptoms of a sinus headache can include facial tenderness, painful pressure at a specific spot on the face, and increases in pain due to sudden movement or changes in temperature. In some cases, the symptoms can include fatigue, fever, sore throat and postnasal drip.
Diagnosis
Migraines and tension headaches can cause symptoms similar to a sinus headache and are eliminated as possibilities by a series of questions asked by your physician. The doctor's exam will likely include an inspection of the interior of the nose and (in extreme or chronic cases) could also include X-rays, MRI's and being referred to a specialist.
Risk Factors
Risk factors for sinus headaches are respiratory infection, allergies, asthma, frequent exposure to high altitudes (from flying, for example) and polyps in the nasal cavities. Any illness or surgery that causes a general weakness of the immune system is also a risk factor.
Treatment
Treatment of sinus headaches can range from simple over-the-counter decongestants and antihistamines to prescription antibiotics, corticosteroids and surgery, depending on the cause.
Tags: paranasal sinuses, sinus headache, sinus headaches