Chemotherapy is a treatment for cancer that involves chemicals that kill cells within the body. Although the treatment is difficult for patients and family, it one of the best options available for recovering from the disease. Chemotherapy works to stop the spread of cancer, slow cancer growth, or cure the disease completely.
History
Chemotherapy treatment for cancer began in the 1940's, after several military personnel were exposed to mustard gas in World War I. The result of the exposure was a lowered white cell count. Doctors noticed this effect and decided to study the effects on patients that had cancers of the white blood cells. This led to further research of drugs, which are now used during chemotherapy treatment.
Function
Chemotherapy is a systemic treatment, meaning it enters the blood system to fight cells throughout the body. For best results at fighting cancer, chemotherapy is generally combined with surgery and/or radiation treatment. Chemotherapy will use combination therapy, which increases the effectiveness and involves combining two or more chemotherapy drugs during the treatments.
Treatment Types
Chemotherapy is administered in several ways, depending on the type and location of cancer cells. The types of treatments include: ingesting a pill or liquid, intravenously either with or without a catheter, topically by applying directly to the skin, or injecting with a needle. An IV with catheter stays in the body during the length of treatment for long term treatments.
Side Effects
The most common side effects from chemotherapy treatments are fatigue, nausea and vomiting. Nausea and vomiting can be controlled by medication prescribed by a physician. Since the body is battling a disease, it is normal to feel fatigued. It is important to listen to the body and rest when needed to build strength during the treatments. White blood cells are being attacked and immunity levels in the body decrease, which makes it easier to catch colds and flu viruses. Hair loss may be seen on all parts of the body; however, the amount lost will depend on the chemotherapy drugs prescribed. Fertility issues may be temporary or permanent in childbearing age people and will vary based on the chemotherapy drugs prescribed and length of treatment.
Nutrition
Nutrition before, during and after treatment is important for the health of the patient. Prior to treatment, the body needs to be strong to deal with the chemicals being presented to it. Lower fat, salt, sugar and alcohol intake and maintain a healthy weight. During treatment, the body may go through periods of no appetite. Choosing healthy and nutrient rich foods during this time is important as it will decrease some side effects. Following treatment, taste buds may change and things that were enjoyed prior to treatment may no longer be appealing. It is important to build the body strength by choosing a balanced diet that includes protein, carbohydrates, water and vitamins. This will increase recovery time and improve the quality of life.
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