Down syndrome is a set of mental and physical characteristics that occur before birth due to an extra gene. Down syndrome occurs when you have an extra copy of Chromosome 21. A normal baby will have 23 pairs of chromosome while a Down syndrome baby will have three copies of the 21st chromosome. Symptoms of Down syndrome can vary from mild to severe.
Decreased Muscle Tone
Down syndrome babies will have decreasd muscle tone at birth. Weak muscles and loose joints are a common feature in babies and young children. Most children will gain increased muscle tone in later childhood.
Distinct Physical Features
A person with Down syndrome exhibits distinct physical features such as a small, flat face, short neck, upward slants of the eyes, flattened nose, and small ears and mouth. Other physical characteristics include short hand and fingers and a single, deep crease in the palm of the hand.
Congenital Heart Disease
Infants with Down syndrome have a much higher risk of heart problems, such as congenital heart disease. The National Association for Child Development states that 40 to 60 percent of children with Down syndrome have congenital heart disease.
Gastrointestinal Issues
Children with Down syndrome can have a host of gastrointestinal problems ranging from vomiting and diarrhea to more serious problems such as a blocked small bowel or esophagus. Gastrointestinal issues can cause immediate problems in newborns with Down syndrome.
Sleep Apnea
Obstructive sleep apnea is common in children with Down syndrome. The features of a child with Down syndrome make it harder for the child to breathe. A flattened face, low muscle tone in the airway, and enlarged tonsils can obstruct breathing.
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