Paraplegic spasms can be uncomfortable and even scary. This article provides an overview of why spasms occur, what they look like and stay safe during a spasm.
The Facts
Muscle spasms are common after upper motor neuron injuries, which is the technical term for hurting the nerves and nerve cells in your brain and spinal cord. This happens frequently to people with paraplegia, a condition in which the nerves of the spinal cord have been severely damaged and no longer fully control the legs. While the effects of spasms can be controlled or reduced with anti-spasticity medicines, spasms are often present to some degree for the duration of the paraplegic person's life.
Misconceptions
When a paraplegic has a muscle spasm, it can sometimes look like a mini seizure, as the legs twitch and tremble, often causing the entire body to shake. Despite their scary appearance, they are generally not harmful and can usually be resolved with a change in position. Some spasms can send the legs into what is called an extensor pattern, in which the knees partially or completely straighten. While this can appear to a bystander like the person is straightening his legs on his own, it is actually a spontaneous nervous system reaction.
Risk Factors
A spasm might not seem like such a bad thing to deal with, but when you are not able to fully control your legs it can be a safety hazard. When a paraplegic has to move from one surface to another, such as from the bed to wheelchair, he must position his legs in such a way that they remain stable until he reaches his wheelchair. If his legs go into a spasm during the transfer, they may shift so far forward that he actually slides onto the floor. If a caregiver is assisting a paraplegic transfer, a spasm can disrupt the process and create a potential hazard for both individuals as the body position suddenly changes.
Effects
Even though many paraplegics do not have full sensation in their legs, spasms can still be uncomfortable and sometimes even painful. If spasms occur at night, they can make sleeping difficult. Most paraplegics are experienced enough with their own spasm patterns that they are able to control them by positioning their feet. However, newly paralyzed individuals may find the effects of spasms hard to manage for several months.
Time Frame
Most spasms do not last for more than a few moments; however, they can occur frequently during the day and sometimes through the night. Most paraplegics are aware of how often spasms occur and what is normal for them. However, they should take note if spasms are lasting longer than normal or if they are becoming more frequent. This might signify the need to change the dosage or the type of anti-spasticity medication.
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