What is Herpes Simplex?
There are several different strands of the herpes virus, and nearly all adults have been infected with some strand in their lifetimes (chicken pox and shingles are caused by a herpes virus). Herpes simplex is a strand of the herpes virus that causes cold sores to form in the infected area. The most commonly infected areas are the genitals and mouth/nose. Afflictions in these areas are called "genital herpes" and "oral herpes" respectively.
Difference between Types 1 and 2
There are two types of the herpes simplex virus. Type 2 is more common on the genitals, and Type 1 is more common in the oral cavity. However, either virus can infect either area. While many sources argue that there is virtually no difference between these two viruses, most authoritative medical sources, including the National Institutes of Health and the American Academy of Dermatology, still differentiate between the two. When herpes simplex Type 1 appears in the genital area, outbreaks tend to be infrequent, according to the Center for Disease Control.
Primary Method of Transmission
According to the American Academy of Dermatology, herpes simplex Type 2 is most frequently transmitted by having sexual contact with an infected person. Herpes simplex can be transmitted via intercourse and oral sex, but can also spread if an infected person touches his or her genitals and then a partner's genitals. While it is most likely to be spread when there is an active infection and cold sores are present on the body, it also can be spread when the virus seems to be dormant. This is often right before an outbreak has occurred, as the virus is actually present on the skin before symptoms appear.
Other Methods of Transmission
Herpes simplex Type 2 is transmitted between mucous membranes and can live briefly on the skin. Pregnant women who are infected with herpes simplex Type 2 can pass this onto their babies during delivery if the baby passes through the birth canal. The American Academy of Dermatology recommends that women who have genital herpes speak with their doctors when they become pregnant. Because the virus is spread by direct contact, and can live on the skin and moist surfaces, it also can be spread by kissing and sharing food or drinks, if someone has an oral outbreak of herpes simplex Type 2. However, it is NOT possible to spread the herpes simplex virus simply through the air. Direct contact is required for transmission.
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